The main goal of this study is two-fold: (1) to provide ageneral overview of the contributions to the literature on theinformal sector, with a special focus on the public choiceapproach; and (2) to compare these contributions across twoinstitutionally different types of countries: developed andless developed (developing and transition) countries. Thepaper focuses on the criteria used to define the informalsector, the relationship between the formal and informaleconomy, tax evasion, and public choice analysis. It isstressed throughout this paper that the distinction betweenthe two types of countries is of key importance.
Congestible goods describe situations in which a group of people share or use a public good that becomes congested or overexploited when demand is low. We study experimentally a congestible goods problem of relevance for parking design, namely how people choose between a convenient parking lot with few spots and a less convenient one with unlimited space. We find that the Nash equilibrium predicts reasonably well the competition for the convenient parking when it has few spots, but not when it has more availability. We then show that the Rosenthal equilibrium, a bounded-rational approach, is a better description of the experimental results accounting for the randomness in the decision process. We introduce a dynamical model that shows how Rosenthal equilibria can be approached in a few rounds of the game. Our results give insights on how to deal with parking problems such as the design of parking lots in central locations in cities and open the way to better understand similar congestible goods problems in other contexts.
Cullis And Jones Public Finance And Public Choice Pdf
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A prominent example of a congestible goods is parking space. This is a very important problem in the twentifirst century: for example, cruising for parking spaces accounted for 30% of the traffic congestion in cities on average12 generating a correspondingly disproportionate contribution to pollution and greenhouse gases13. In view of this and related issues, a lot of effort is being devoted to study parking behavior, and the conclusions are likely to dramatically reduce the number of parking spots14. Thus, parking in the center of large cities becomes an impure public goods, and typically it becomes a congested resource having only accommodated a small fraction of the incoming cars. In order to manage parking efficiently, several approaches have been proposed to leverage the availability of smart devices to real-time information on parking availability15,16, such as data access via a peer-to-peer (P2P) environment17,18, open space detection coupled with information sharing19, and networking for data sharing20. These and other new technologies provide real-time allocation of slots to demanding drivers and can reduce considerably the waste of searching for parking spaces, although they are of course not problem-free21.
DOWNLOAD bit/1yE0ubj en.wikipedia/w/index.php?search=Public+Finance+and+Public+ChoiceAre the way in which governments tax and spend efficient, and are they equitable? Thesequestions are central to public sector economics and this second edition of Public Finance andPublic Choice illustrates the controversies which surround them. This new edition continues tofocus on boththe social optimality and public choice approaches but also includes alternativeperspectives. This successful text has been extensively rewritten, offering further microeconomicinsight and additional examples of the application of theory. New sections include: The privateprovision of public goods Privatization The quasi market The EC budget QALYs (Quality AdjustedLife Years) Public debt The impact of the public sector on economic growth. This clearly written,rigorous text offers a complete course in the economics of the public sector. It will be anindispensable text for students studying public economics, and also for students taking technicalpublic policy or public administration courses.
Macroeconomic policy and public choice , David Kiefer, 1997, Business & Economics, 251 pages.Subject of this book is the intersection between political science and macroeconomics. The centralidea is the existence of a political economic equilibrium in which the. 2ff7e9595c
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